The War After essays

The War After papers In the late 1920s a German despot and War veteran called Adolf Hitler rose to control in Germany. In his crusade he guaranteed the individuals of Germany that he would make their nation extraordinary once more. German voters adored Hitlers good faith, all of Europe was up to speed in the downturn and the German individuals considered Hitler to be an approach to get away from it. Hitler before long understood that the more he offered the more individuals bolstered him, other World forces considered him to be just another despot promising his kin things he couldnt accomplish. It was not evident what Hitlers plans were at this stage yet in the event that he was arranging war from this at an opportune time, at that point it is improbable that the world forces would have disregarded him. At the point when the Nazi party, lead by Hitler rose to turn into the pioneers of Germany one of the principal things Hitler did was to conflict with the Treaty of Versailles. In his perspectives and a considerable lot of the German individuals the Treaty was absolutely unreasonable, the triumphant forces had made it and they had tossed such a large number of various guidelines at Germany that there was no conceivable way Hitler could be an effective pioneer in the event that he complied with all of them. Hitler pulled back Germany from the bombing League of Nations and incredibly from the Geneva demobilization gathering that was set up forestall war on a significant scale. Despite the fact that it is anything but difficult to decipher Hitlers activities as vicious, all he was basically doing was liberating German, from all its free ties. Hitlers aspiration was to make Germany extraordinary again, and that would never occur on the off chance that they needed to continue observing di fferent principles of things that didnt include them. Hitler proceeded to attack the Rhineland, absolutely re-mobilizing it. The Treaty of Versailles obviously expressed that Germany wasnt to be permitted troops around there of Germany. Hitler guaranteed that he wouldve requested his soldiers to withdraw on the off chance that he had gone over opposition from the French or the British. Anyway no French or British tro... <!

The unions of artists - THE BLUE ROSE AND THE JACK OF DIAMONDS free essay sample

The fellowships of inventive people THE BLUE ROSE AND THE JACK OF DIAMONDS A blue rose The biggest craftsmanship guidance after the workmanship World and the Union of Russian inventive people was the Blue rose . Under this name in 1907 in Moscow the show which has joined gathering of juvenile inventive people, ongoing understudies of the Moscow school of picture, molding and engineering followings of Borisov-Musatov has taken topographic point. In spite of the fact that this display was separated from everyone else, it has uncovered a speculation of introductory originative standards and recorded as a hard copy reactions of the Masterss introduced by it which have framed a specific route in Russian picture. The display Blue rose has noted simply go throughing minute in their originative turn of events, yet the moment significant. It was clasp of the disarray which have caught an impressive part of Russian culture in feeling of response in the wake of licking of upset, cut reflected in workmanship by an equivocalness of the purposes. We will compose a custom exposition test on The associations of specialists THE BLUE ROSE AND THE JACK OF DIAMONDS or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The bothered affectability to sunglassess, amenities of darken tempers produced pictures shaky, get awaying, pulled in inventive people to chases of the rafinirovanno-refined shading material dealingss, a dainty is enhancing elaborate sweet beat, hard impacts of the matte-gleaming pleasant bill. The trademark test of such picture is the Blue wellspring ( 1905 ) an early texture of one of taking Masterss of a method of P.V.Kuznetsova ( 1878-1968 ) . The farther advancement of this inventive individual is run of the mill for the greater part of Masterss of the Blue rose . It comprised in defeating of the augmented psychologism, in yearning to return to essential effortlessness of esthesiss of a world. It was non, all things considered, a way of refusal of previous beautiful framework, and its rationale advancement and faultlessness. So there is a progression of the pictures gave # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; and the Central Asian steppes. Consideration of colossal loosened infinites, managing of a measuredly-calm existence of migrant society has carried with itself uncluttering from under the intensity of darken tempers, has diverted the imaginative individual from everlastingly get awaying to everlastingly existent. A Mirage in steppe ( 1912 ) one of the absolute best stocks of this musicality. The high sky, calm lines of horizon, delicate lineations of collapsible asylums uninhibitedly scattered in limitless, accumulate with the Earth and repeating lineations of a divine arch, straightforward and rhythmical movements of the individuals cutting sheep, fixing the supplement, dozing, all it because of shockingly flimsy, to orchestrate of shading, signifiers and shapes creates in # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; a total picture of the universe, over which non imperiously cut. Prior to us crude male centric idyll, Aureate Age , dream of congruity of the individual and the nature, work out as expected in world. Painting of these textures depends on slim # 1085 ; # 1102 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1077 ; the vivid surface which have riches and thunder of shading tone, before clouded and stupefied. Adaptable unrecorded shapes as though are seen through a crystalline undulating # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; by the Sun of air. Subjects on account of it stay on a texture just as in a suspension, are spiritualized, obtain a specific beguiling daintiness. It appears, that all picture is infiltrated by an unvarying unrecorded beat, as if a soundless moving edge of the melodious delectation modifying a picture of the cogency in certain Eden vision . The dainty hapless wordss of picture is joined with grave cadenced of the composings offset symmetric. # 1054 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; the subject naturally goes into innovativeness of other member of the Blue rose , along with # 1050 ; # 1091 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1094 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; breaking down in the Moscow school, M.S.Sarjana ( 1880-1972 ) . Beautiful strategy # 1057 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1100 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; gets the idealized signifier in tenth mature ages of Twenty century under sentiment of outings to Turkey, Iran and Egypt. The imaginative individual does non create off everything from nature, that sees an oculus, and searches a total beautiful picture, the vivid articulation. Similarly great as at # 1050 ; # 1091 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1094 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; , a balance of expressiveness of its textures is the shading staining and the is fancy beautifying association of the picture on a plane. Such stocks # 1057 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1 100 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; , as Street. Early afternoon. Constantinople ( 1910 ) , The voyaging grown-up female ( 1911 ) , the Date thenar tree ( 1911 ) , recognizes that it is conceivable to call dynamism of vision. It non long consideration, and quick fix of the essential vivid dealingss in forcefully differentiate comparings. On the off chance that painting # 1050 ; # 1091 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1094 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; is like melodious spring, painting # 1057 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1100 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; a brilliant apothegm refering seen. lean towards the concentrated, splendid, firmly coordinated light covering up sunglassess of shading and denudation contrasts, forcefully designating limit lines light and dull. In such manner its image reminds the shading drawing, now and again, with respect to delineation, in The voyaging grown-up female , discovers comparability to application. The cogency on textures shows up consolidated in brilliant embellishments, making highs of hapless sounding. Its thenar tree put in the Center of a canvas, it is pleased exhilarating over hapless homes the foliages which remind a savage beautiful wellspring, with power whipping of a bole upwards and in completeness, it appears to be a manifestation of self-created intensity of the nature, really a real existence tree . So the by, through explicit activization of the beautiful signifier, # 1057 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1100 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; goes to a buildup common genuine to ever-enduring lovely images. As a method of Russian image of the start of Twenty century the Blue rose is nearest to imagery poetics. A balance of this partiality is essential introducing on transmutation of pictures of the cogency on expectation to aside from plausibility of real perceptual experience of things and the wonders, holding cleared in them non customary, high correspondences and qualities. In the okay humanistic controls it spills out in inclination for any transmutations in area of visual perceptual experience to fresh point of view diminishes and the surprising foreshortenings changing the signifier of themes, to reflex particles in H2O, on glass, in mirrors, to the airless quiver disintegration forms, and so on. The venue becomes circle of the most viable any progressively solitary visual, and cosmopolitan transmutation of the cogency at that cut. It has created the impression that earth where image of the Blue rose and imagery have met straight. The most fascinating disparity of this duologue of painting with imagery at theater speaks to N.N.Sapunova s innovativeness ( 1880-1912 ) . Along with other maestro of the Blue rose S.J.Sudejkinym ( 1882-1946 ) it turned into the inside decorator of symbolical play preeminent in Russia M.Meterlinka ( at Theater-studio MHT on Cook, 1905 ) . Participation with from here begins. # 1052 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; in explanations # 1043 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1076 ; # 1099 ; # 1043 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; Ibsen, # 1041 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; . On the different manus, the magic of theater , forcing to stress incredible, developed and prank as unique and unrecorded, it is moved to easel picture. So there is an entire gathering of the stocks composed in regards to coordinating showy open introductions. The sentimental innovative individual who has gotten disconnected known to man, made by impulses of inventiveness, begins to acknowledge coevalss of ain innovativeness for the cogency. There is a transmutation symbolical the enchanting universe in joking are that # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; and the imagery absolute opposite , noted by the Block in 1910, and still prior, in the 1906 which have become by a subject of a melodious play # 1041 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; , which articulation made out. From the moment of work on this open introduction at inventiveness perpetually there are components of display fooling, treating stylisation and peculiar. These tendencies arrive at the zenith in non completed picture Tea guzzling ( 1912 ) A doodly-squat of precious stones The limit is noted 1910-1911 by occurring on circle of a craftsmanship life of new gathering under the causation name a doodly-squat Of jewels . An invariable meat of the general public which have existed truly till 1916, the inventive people P.Konchalovsky, I.Mashkov, A.Lentulov, A.Kuprin, R.Falk who have gotten later by seeable Masterss of the Soviet craftsmanship have made. The doodly-squat of precious stones , the holding sanction, shows, accumulations of articles, was another persuasive path in Russian specialty of the start of Twent

The Dell Company E-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Dell Company E-Business - Essay Example So as to investigate the association of Dell Company, its miniaturized scale condition should be assessed with the assistance of Porter’s five Forces. It is one of the most perceived explanatory instruments used in greatest associations among others. Dealing intensity of the Suppliers: the bartering intensity of the providers is amazingly high thus the association of Dell Company needed to speak with differed providers so as to achieve the crude materials.Bargaining intensity of the purchasers: the haggling intensity of the purchasers is additionally very high in this portion because of the nearness of various contenders, for example, IBM, Apple Inc, Acer and so forth. Therefore, the degree of switch over expenses of the clients is additionally very high that may frustrate the development and predominance of the association of Dell in the market to an impressive degree. Along these lines, so as to hold the degree of supportability and incomparability in the market, the associa tion of Dell wanted to offer imaginative items and administrations to its clients. This may build the dedication and consistency of the association in the market among numerous others. Danger of new contestants: the risk of new participants is likewise very high in this area because of viable government strategies and lower economies of scale. Because of which, the association of Dell brought to the table high focus over innovative work. This may demonstrate successful in growing recently innovative product offerings to pull in a wide scope of clients towards the brand that may upgrade its gainfulness.

Great Colleges for B Students

Great colleges for â€Å"B† students Let’s play a game akin to the Guess your Age/Weight booth at a local county fair. If we’re wrong, you get the cheaply-made stuffed animal of your choice. Ready?If you clicked on this article, you have an SAT score somewhere in the range of 1100-1300 (or an ACT of 22-27), you’ve taken your share of honors courses and even a couple of APs and have a GPA in the low-to-mid 3s. You’re probably super-jealous of some of your higher achieving AP peers who scored a couple hundred points higher on the SAT and sport straight A’s as they jockey for class rank position before applying to schools with single-digit acceptance rates like Northwestern, Pomona, Stanford, MIT, Swarthmore, the University of Chicago or any of the eight schools in the Ivy League.It’s easy to be jealous of these academic one-percenters. Much of the college-related discourse in the mainstream media centers on the higher education arms race faced by these academic superstars of your grade who are all fighting for a coveted spot at one of the top 50 institutions in the nation. That leaves roughly 2,950 four-year colleges and universities in the United States that you don’t hear very much about. Fortunately, for you, a good number of these schools are exceptional in their own right and, of equal importance, are willing to open their gates to students just like you.Can B students get into their first choice college?Yes.To qualify, yes, if one constructs a realistic and well-thought-out college list. According to a 2016 survey, 75% of applicants were accepted by their top choice and 93% earned admission into at least one of their top three choices.You don’t have to be the devilishly handsome 17th century German mathematician, Gottfied Wilhelm Leibnitz to realize that all of those students were not in the top 10% of their graduating classes or even the top 50%. The vast majority of the students that roam university campuses were â€Å"B† student s in high school, and many go on to great success in life.Why many colleges seek B students There are two main reasons:1) There are some desirable personality traits that are sometimes more prevalent outside the top of a given high school class. B students are sometimes less set in their ways, more intellectually malleable, and willing to take risks. It’s not uncommon to hear professors report that they enjoy working with B students because they are less anxious and tend to work better collaboratively than straight-A students. The oft repeated, tongue-and-cheek adage that â€Å"A students teach B students to work for C students† does have a kernel of truth to it. Of course, to be fair, if you actually surveyed the academic credentials of leaders across professional fields, you’d likely encounter quite a few former valedictorians and Ivy Leaguers.2) Many quality institutions are struggling to meet their enrollment goals and simply are not going to attract a large number of applicants more qualified that you. As the aforementioned one-percenters vie for a seat at the most prestigious schools in the country, second-tier, but still tremendous schools are anxious to lock down students with solid credentials just like yours. For example, a student with a 1270 SAT and an unweighted GPA of 3.3 would face impossibly long odds at The University of Virginia but would be quickly snatched up by the nearby, and very reputable, James Madison University.Good fit schools College Transitions recently published a list of Excellent Colleges for B Students. Colleges featured in this list accept many students with good (but not elite) credentials and possess better-than-predicted outcomes in the areas of retention, degree completion, graduate school admission and postgraduate employment.   Fortunately, many of these schools also offer generous financial aid packages to their students. Here is a small sampling of schools that you may never have even heard of t hat offer exceptional educational experiences to B students.Elon University While its growing more and more selective each year, Elon, a medium-size liberal arts school located in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, still accepts more applicants than it rejects and there is much to like about the quality of its campus experience. B students with solid but not spectacular standardized test scores will find admission attainable at this university with 60 academic programs, nationally recognized business and communications schools, 72% study abroad rate, and a host of competitive Division I sports teams to cheer on. Five or ten years from now, this school is a good bet to enter the next echelon of selectivity and prestige, but for now, B students can still find a warm welcome.McDaniel College If you live outside the state of Maryland and have heard of McDaniel, that’s a pretty good sign that you are a conducting a through and exhaustive college search. You won’t find t his hidden gem mentioned in the Fiske Guide or The Princeton Review’s 381 Best Colleges but you will find its educational opportunities open to B students, unique, and excellent. The McDaniel Plan is what the school terms their â€Å"hands-on, customized, and personal curriculum.† Students are given a good deal of autonomy is designing their own program and working intimately with professors at this small liberal arts school with an enrollment under 1,700 students. While the sticker tuition price is high, McDaniel is known to be generous with need and merit-based aid. They are known for graduating students who are career-ready and motivated learners. With a 76% admit rate, B students will have no trouble gaining acceptance at this terrific college.Drew University   Located in suburban New Jersey but less than an hour drive to New York City, this tiny liberal arts school offers great access to internships, cultural experiences, and world-renowned faculty. Like many ot her small private schools, Drew is facing financial challenges, and is therefore willing to offer steep tuition discounts to qualified candidates in their quest to raise enrollment. The average discount offered is 58% and B students with solid SATs are likely to attract a healthy financial aid offer. The school has become gradually more selective with its acceptance rate dropping from 80% five years ago to 57% last year, but still remains very much in reach for B students.CT’s Bottom LineThe postsecondary landscape is bright and bountiful for the B student who embraces his or her position in life and stays focused on the bigger picture of the college search and admission process.  Rather than trying to claw your way into a name school where your chances at admission are slim-to-none, B students should buckle down, do their research, and discover the multitude of schools that offer an amazing, and uniquely-tailored educational experience at an affordable price.

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The Aftermath of Munich, West Germany Olympic Games Essay

During the 1972 Olympics games in Munich, West Germany, the German officials wanted to set a different tone to the previous game where Hitler was in power, so West Germany came to the decision to limit the officers to make the image of Germany peaceful. Of course this would have lethal consequences because although Germany may have been peaceful at the time the world specifically Palestine was anything, but peaceful. A terrorist group Black September took 11 Israeli Olympic athletes hostages and in 24 all of the hostages were dead. This was a shock to the whole world and anger fleered in Israel, which the prime minster herself set up an agency, Mossad, to target those who where directly and indirectly involved. The documentary Munich:†¦show more content†¦The viewer is able to tell that the agents are at fear with their lives because not only was their whole body covered, but also their voices where as well changed. The main reason for this is because the film Munich hit a negative cord to them, â€Å"It is highly unusual for Mossad personnel to break cover, and it is an indication of their strong objections to the film that so many have chosen to go on the record†(MacAskill). In the documentary the audience is able to see a new side of the operations because of this and is able to conclude a new conclusion that may have otherwise been different if not for the new interviews. Having multiple points of views also meant having opposite opinions of Operation Wrath of God, which was the name of the operation, in one of the operation, a son of a leader of Black September talked about how his father had nothing to do with the Munich Massacre and how the targeting members was not solving the bigger problem and said â€Å"To kill people to solve a problem is just silly† (Munich: Mossad’s Revenge). Of course that was one of the biggest criticism about Steven Spielberg Film Munich, which depicted the operation about revenge, but in the documentary the agents point out it was about â€Å"Prevention and not revenge† (OBrien). And by having different views not just agents the viewer is able to depict their own point of view, but there is still anShow MoreRelated1972 Munich Olympics Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesinvest time and work into their reports, or do they release reports teeming with bias and unproven facts solely for money and satisfact ory ratings? The massacre at the 1972 Munich Olympics shocked the world and its citizens, and newspapers responded by producing a variety of biased reports of coverage from the attack and its aftermath. 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Five Year Anniversary of Face book’s Acquisition of Instagram

Question: Discuss about the Five Year Anniversary of Face books Acquisition of Instagram. Answer: Changes in policy Facebook essentially bought nearly 35 million users of Instagram for approximately $1 billion that is equal to over $28 for every user. Analysis of the acquisition reveals the fact that during the time of acquisition, the valuation of facebook stood at $90 billion. However, the present valuation of facebook stands at $306.4 billion that is roughly $179 per share. Essentially, in this case, valuation is necessarily the price that a specific party pays for another party, or in other words it is the value that a specific side will sacrifice in order to make the transaction work (Fracassi, 2016). As such, valuation can be considered as a combination of flow of cash as well as the time value of money. In this case, the seller firm tends to value the corporation at a price as high as possible, whilst the purchaser tends to get the lowest price possible. Amidst several criticisms as regards the acquisitions of Instagram, facebook had different ideas regarding the worth of the company. Many questioned the decision of acquiring Instagram as many people were of the view that disbursing $1 billion for a corporation that generated no revenue was not feasible. Basically, management of the firm facebook considered the future prospects of business, solid growth base, risk of the target firm and cost of capital. In a bid to understand whether a specific deal is worthwhile it is important for the acquiring firm to comprehend the price-earnings ratio as P/E for all stocks falling within the identical industry can provide acquiring firm proper guidance regarding multiple of target P/E (Grinblatt Titman, 2016). Again, the acquiring firm also need to consider enterprise value to sales value ratio as this can help in understanding the value as well as amount of debt of a corporation that necessarily needs to be returned back at certain point of ti me. The company facebook registered increase in research as well as development expenditure from $1.4 billion in 2012, $388 million in 2011 and $144 million in 2010. At the time of acquirement of Instagram that is during the year, the rate of inflation in USA was registered to be 2.07%. The inflation rate presents an overview of the American inflation that is based on the consumer price index (Bena Li, 2014). However, analysis of annual report of facebook reveals that inflation has had a material effect on the overall business, financial condition as well as outcomes of operations. However, inflation affects the capital market and hinders corporate growth and thereby adversely affects Merger Acquisition. Interest Rate enhances the cost of funding an acquisition. As the rate of interest augments, acquisition cost increases and this increased cost essentially discourages diverse acquirers from purchasing. Again at the time when Treasury rate is high, discount can be considered to be high as an acquirer can securely park money in different risk free investment with high level of interest (Greve Zhang, 2017). Finally, all the valuations is said to decrease in case if the rate of interest is enhanced. Annual report of facebook for the period 2012 shows that the effective tax rate was 89% up from 41% from 2011. In addition to this, with increase in tax, owners of firms are less probable to cash out owing to increased tax consequences from the firms sales. References Bena, J., Li, K. (2014). Corporate innovations and mergers and acquisitions.The Journal of Finance,69(5), 1923-1960. Fracassi, C. (2016).Corporate finance policies and social networks.Management Science. Greve, H. R., Zhang, C. M. (2017). Institutional logics and power sources: Merger and acquisition decisions.Academy of Management Journal,60(2), 671-694. Grinblatt, M., Titman, S. (2016). Financial markets corporate strategy.

Manchester United FC Continuing Success but at What Cost

Introduction Based in old Trafford, Manchester United is one of the leading and well renowned football clubs not only in the UK but also in the world. The club was initiated in 1878. It then had the name Newton Health before changing to its current brand name – Manchester United in 1902.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Manchester United FC: Continuing Success but at What Cost? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was one of the founding members of the premier league back in 1992. Since 1938, Manchester United has always played the top division in English soccer apart from seasons of 1974 and 1975. The club has also recorded outstanding average attendance compared to all other English football clubs. Compared to any other organisation, soccer clubs are unique since they are subjected to various market forces and dynamics that act as threats to their performance and hence success. Success may be measured from different paradigms depending on the industry in which an organisation is established. For football clubs, success may be measured from the number of wins of the club in the tournaments. Apparently, such success is also correlated to financial success. The success of Manchester United is owed to the exemplary management of Alex Ferguson. Given the competitive nature of the football club business, Manchester United stands out as an ample example of analysing the success of organisations. Manchester United has successfully managed to place its brand. The club is the reining champion in the European and English champions. It won 2007-2008 UEFA champions league and 2007 -2008 premier league coupled with 2008 FIFA world cup. Indeed, Manchester has won enormous numbers of world football honours since when Alex Ferguson was appointed the manager in 1986. For instance, the club won the European cup making it the first football club to take home the cup when it beat Benfica 4-1 in 1968 .Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It later won the same cup in 1999 for the second time and in 2008 for the third time. Furthermore, the club has also kept the world record having won the most FA cup titles. From financial contexts, the club is also immensely successful. As from 1990s, Manchester United has gone down the history as the richest club of the English premier league. However, Liverpool may dispute this argument. The club also generates the largest amount of the revenues among all the clubs taking part in the European cup and English premier leagues. Such an enormous success of an organisation does not come easily: there is always an accompanying cost. Considering Manchester United as the case study, the paper analyses the roles of CSR in the success of an organisation. However, before this is done background information is provided by discussing the success of Manchester United from both the contexts of tournament wins and financial performance. The Case Study Description Within the whole of Europe, Manchester United stands the third club just behind Barcelona and Real Madrid from the contexts of turnover. Apart from the recent past (2008) wining in the European champions’ league, Manchester United has also managed to get to European champions final in 2008. On the other hand, with regard to Pyle (2010), â€Å"†¦the financial position of the club remains precarious despite its success on the football field† (p.601). This argument is significant by appreciating the fact that, in 2009, Manchester United football club made revenues amounting to 278.5 million pounds. The club also reported, â€Å"Increased profits (before interests and taxation) to the tune of 90.3 m million pounds (up 13.6 percent)† (Pyle 2010, p.601).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Manchester United FC: Continuing Su ccess but at What Cost? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Much of this profit was acquired through the sale of players (80.7 million pounds). The financial success of the Manchester United is outstanding upon comparing this profit to that of the red football limited. In this end, Pyle (2010) argues, â€Å"red football limited (the parent company of MUFC owned by the Glazer family) reported a profit of by 6.4 million pounds due to interest payments of 68.5 million pounds paid on the erroneous debt incurred to purchase the club† (p.601). The support of Manchester United across the globe is also incredible and a contributing factor to the success of the club. However, this does not imply that the English premier league clubs are not open to criticism over how they handle their financial matters. For instance, Pyle (2010) reckons, â€Å"many fans are unhappy about the way English premier league football clubs are developing into mu ltinational businesses with global brands, aggressive marketing, and foreign owners (some of dubious reputations)† (p.601). Indeed, some clubs have gone on record to have spent a lot of money often leading the clubs to experience large debts often exceeding levels that are justifiable by the turnovers that are made by the clubs. The hefty spending is normally justified by the people who fund the clubs. This case makes commentators on the future performance of the football clubs worried that some of the billionaires who fund the clubs may get bored at some point to the extent of considering withdrawing their support. The repercussion for this attempt would plunge the clubs to large financial debts that would often make business impossible. The main question that remains is whether Manchester United would be able to ensure that its entire stakeholders would be satisfied should such a situation occur.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Amid being faced by the above interrogative, the brand of the Manchester United remains one of the most well built among the football clubs playing the English premier league. In fact, â€Å"the basis of Manchester United’s business success and global brand is rooted in the club’s history and traditions† (Pyle 2010, p.601). Since the first win of the European cup, in the time of Sir Matt, the company grew from small to a public limited company. At this time the chairman of the company, Martin Edwards, principally focused on handling the challenge of hiking funds for helping the company to improve and maintain its success in the pitch. An effort was made to raise funds for attracting new top players. In 1991, â€Å"the club was floated on the London Stock Exchange with a valuation of 40 million pounds† (Pyle 2010, p.602). This move was strategic for the success of Manchester United since, in 1994 through 1997, the company was able to have an accumulate sha re sales amounting to 71 million pounds. In the effort to ensure that Manchester United remained a respected club, in 2002, Martin Edwards stepped down to pave way for Sir Roy to take over the leadership of the plc. In 1991, when Manchester United was placed on flotation, there was minimal number of companies that had acquired a structure similar to that of plc. Therefore, the move was incredibly disputable though it attracted enormous controversies. For instance, Pyle (2010) quote sir Ferguson reckoning, â€Å"when the plc started, there were grave doubts about it – I had them myself – but I think the supporters came round† (p.601). Indeed, the success of the club was looming. Manchester United had even overtaken Liverpool. Therefore, this move had little impacts on the growth and success of the company. Hence, worries accompanied by controversies were well resolved. Operating as a plc, an organisation seeks to expand its clientele. Manchester United embarked o n a mission to seek out for global presence. This strategic goal resorted to the recruitment of Peter Keyon in 1997 â€Å"due to his marketing and branding experience† (Pyle 2010, p.602). His experience was vital in helping the company to build a business interest that had a global feel. Through the effort of Peter Keyon, â€Å"sales of replica kits and all manner of club-related gifts continued to expand quickly with its merchandising success becoming the bench mark for the industry† (Pyle 2010, p.602). Consequently, Manchester United ended up being a brand that is known by almost everybody across the globe. However, the contribution of Peter Keyon in enhancing the success of Manchester United attracted the attention of rivals (Chelsea) who offered him a competitive package besides subsequently getting him out of Manchester United. Nevertheless, this did not deter the continued success of the plc since his deputy Roman Abramovich took over. He has been incredibly inst rumental in the continued growth of the company. Plcs have numerous obligations to achieve on behalf of the owners. On one hand, for the case of Manchester United, â€Å"shareholders demanded profits although some shares were held by supporters where the vast majority were owned by financial institutions, which were looking for returns on their investments† (Pyle 2010, pp.602-3). On the other hand, apart from the owners of a plc, it is vital that a company seeks to achieve its success through operating and behaving in a socially corporate manner. To achieve these goals, and to help in building further on the brand image of football clubs, the clubs have always welcomed the interest of media people to get into deals with them. For instance, according to Pyle (2010), Manchester United signed a deal with America Online Corporation biding the two organisations between 2010/11 to 2014/15 worth 80 million pounds (p.603). Manchester United has done a great deal of investments in spo rting facilities and other social amenities. All these have gone into increasing the size of the club in terms of increasing the revenues generated through fees levied on sporting facilities. However, amid the increased revenues, Manchester United’s financial structures attract an immense alarm. It has been experiencing rising debts. Due to this reason, â€Å"Glazers converted 500 million pounds of debt into bonds, which do not mature until 2017† (Pyle 2010, p.604). Although it was an incredible financial relief to the club, these bonds will attract an interest of 45 million pounds, which will have to be paid in 2017. Now, it sounds plausible to question the sustainability of the Manchester United model for doing business. Would it enable the club to have continued growth in the future? Should the club develop new a mechanism of developing further its brand? If so, can social corporate responsibility aid in enhancing better and sustained growth of the club in the futur e? SWOT and PESTEL Analysis of Manchester United SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis seeks to reveal the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and the threats faced by an organisation in its normal business operations. The idea for doing this is based on the argument that when these elements are clear, it becomes possible for the management of the organisation in question to concentrate on the strengths and opportunities. This strategy enhances its performance while ensuring that its takes appropriate strategies to ensure that the weaknesses and threats are mitigated in the effort to attain optimality of the performance of the organisation. Essentially, SWOT analysis entangles strategic planning approach for evaluating the strengths, limitations, and opportunities coupled with threats that business establishment encounters (Hill Westbrook 2006, p.47). Strengths are the traits that enable an organisation to have an advantage in comparison to other organisations. One of the strengths of Manc hester United is that it is has managed to build a highly recognised brand across the globe. The club has incredible marketing strategies coupled with merchandising practices that are of high quality. Manchester United stands as one of the richest football clubs with a football stadium (Trafford) having the highest capacity (75,000). Large numbers of sponsors including AON, Nike, Airtel, Vodafone, AIG, and others also support the club. Although Manchester United has incredible strengths that have made it remain competitive in the UK’s football market, it has some weaknesses. Weaknesses or the limitations are the traits of an organisation that place it at a disadvantage in comparison with other organisations in the same industry (Hill Westbrook 2006, p.47). One of the subtle weaknesses of Manchester United is attributed to the fact that the club faces financial challenges. It also operates in a saturated market. Opportunities are the existing external chances, which while uti lised make an organisation improve its performance (Hill Westbrook 2006, p.49). One of the opportunities for Manchester United is the possibility of tapping fans from all across the globe including regions such as the USA, India, and China. Additionally, brand visibility and advertising can aid in building brand equity. Threats are the external chances that impair the performance of an organisation (Hill Westbrook 2006, p.49). One of the threats of Manchester United is the external competitive market forces in which other clubs purchase many of the good players. There are also instances in which the management encounters conflicts with the players. Additionally, expensive transfers of players make Manchester United experience financial debts. PESTLE Analysis A number of factors influence the decisions of managers of any organisation. From the PESTEL organisational analysis approach, these factors are political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal (Gerry, Keva n Whittington 2005, p.105). For the case of Manchester United, the political environment affects the operations of the club via taxing policies since the club must pay taxes to the government. The management must also comply with environmental regulations, tariffs, and employment laws established within the UK. From the perspective of economic factors, the operational economic environment of the Manchester United is characterised by fluctuations. These fluctuations create barriers to the margin of profits that the club can reinvest in growth and or channelling to CSR. Social factors act as an immense success factor of the club because spectators, players, and the staffs of Manchester United are promised compliance to safety standards hence enhancing the security of all stakeholders attending the Manchester United matches at the club’s facilities. This provision is critical in retaining and attracting new clients. In terms of technology, Manchester United deploys the internet to accomplish tasks such as booking for seats in the stadium. Manchester United is also incredibly concerned about its environmental impacts especially accruing from inappropriate disposal of materials that wrap the consumables used by fans during the matches. Various legal provisions that regulate the manner of conducting business also bind an organisation. Thus, Manchester United is bound by all legal provisions that control and monitor operations of plc applicable in the UK. Summary of Scholarly Articles Many organisations look for mechanisms of enhancing their performance. One of such methodologies is by becoming socially responsible. Challenged by the problems of how an organisation may increase its performance by being socially responsible, Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) conduced a â€Å"qualitative study of the legal, ethical, and moral statements available on the websites of Forbes Magazine’s top 50 U.S. and top 50 multinational firms of non-U.S† (p.175). Ana lysis was conducted â€Å"within the context of stakeholder theory† (Snider, Hill, Martin 2003, p.175). The authors cite business scandal in America such as the Tyco, WorldCom, and Enron as among the major drawbacks of development and building investor’s confidence. They further postulate that these scandals may have an immense contributor to the economic down turn that was experienced in 2009 and 2011 in America. The impacts of this down turn on their full thresh hold were further spread into other regions of the world. Arguably, this led to what became the global financial crisis. In this end, Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) argue, â€Å"in the aftermath of these egregious acts, the business community should be rethinking its responsibilities to the various publics concerned with its operations† (p.176). This means that organisations that were caught up in engagement on fraudulent activities never considered moral and ethical considerations of their behaviour . Corporate social responsibility is anchored on the pillars of taking into perspectives the impacts of any organisational decision on the stakeholders and all interest groups in the performance of an organisation. This case implies that any course of action adopted by any organisation should not compromise or rather place the stakeholders and the organisational interest groups at a disadvantage. Hence, it is critical that ethical behaviour be strongly embedded in all operations of public limited companies. Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) concur with this line of argument by further reckoning, â€Å"the public is focused now more than ever on what firms are saying about their corporate social responsibility† (p.176). Soccer organisation encompasses some of the organisations where the stakeholders and other interest groups’ concerns on the performance of an organisation need to be proactively addressed and managed for continued operation of the organisation. The main qu estion is what the central significance of social corporate responsibility in success of organisations is. Social corporate responsibility defines the obligations that an organisation has on the communities and the larger society. Compliance to principles of corporate responsibility requires an organisation to commit its resources to fund activities that are of social benefit. Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) admit that this attracted heavy criticisms with many researchers choosing to evaluate the question: â€Å"should companies take responsibility for social issues?† (p.176). In response to this query, Kok et al (2001), suggest, â€Å"the only social responsibility of business is to increase profits by legal means† (p. 286.). The implication of this argument is that any investment of financial resources of an organisation should be done only to the extent that it is not detrimental to the profitability of an organisation. However, Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) oppos e this perception by asserting, â€Å"Business exists to serve the greater community as well as direct beneficiaries of the company’s operations† (p.176). Therefore, it is incorrect to presume that an organisation exists only to create profits for its owners. However, it is crucial to note that on adoption and incorporation of the perspectives and principles of CSR into the business model of an organisation, some effort must be made to look for mechanisms of increasing profits of the organisation because CSR projects require financial resources to execute. These resources are drawn from the profits made by an organisation within a given fiscal year. Through the development of social responsibility culture, an organisation is capable of winning the confidence of the community living within the areas from which it is established. This way, conflict of interest is minimised- something that is critical for the success of an organisation. This outcome is attributed to the o pinion that an organisation would spend lesser financial resources in the resolution of emerging conflicts due erosions of the interests of the larger society. To amplify this argument, an organisation is largely dependent on coexistence in harmony with the communalities living in the environment in which it is established. In case this harmony suffers in one way or another, a peaceful habitat for the organisation to conduct its business is sacrificed in the favour of the community-organisation conflicts. Therefore, it is the duty of an organisation to ensure that such conflicts do not exist. This goal is best achieved by ensuring that an organisation is socially corporate responsible (Snider, Hill, Martin 2003, p.177). The findings of the Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) research indicated that the organisations, whose websites were analysed â€Å"concentrated their attention on similar set of stakeholders and approximately the same CSR issues† (p.180). However, there were v ariations in the specificity of the CSR messages carried by the websites. For instance, the authors found out that some spelt out some ethical values, which act as the framework of guiding the realisation of organisational missions on their roles in the society differently. However, in the stipulation of the ethical issues, the firms provide â€Å"a context within, which they define their relationships with internal and external publics† (Snider, Hill Martin 2003, p.180). Other concerns of social corporate responsibilities in the United States’ organisations cited by Snider, Hill, and Martin are environmental policies. Apparently, the environment forms one of the essential areas for consideration in the development of social corporate responsibility policies since most of the organisational activities often produce some negative impacts on the environment. It is the duty of the organisation concerned to ensure that the environment is protected from these negative impa cts. For this reason, Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) find, â€Å"both the U.S. and other global firms often establish comprehensive environmental policies† (p.180). Additionally, the authors’ findings also reveal that the CSR messages that are used by various organisations studied were developed to match the needs of various stakeholders that are consistent with the concerns of the larger ecology. A good example of this is the case of Coca Cola Company, which states, â€Å"A large part of our relationship with the world around us is our relationship with the physical world† (Snider, Hill Martin 2003, p.180). This means that Coca Cola Company appreciates that it cannot be able to conducts its business and attain the organisational objects without taking into consideration the impacts produced on the environment by its business activities. This case forms one of the pillars of an organisation seeking to be socially corporate responsible. The above discussions of the roles of social corporate responsibility in the success of organisations are discussed from a general context. Consequently, it remains questionable on how the theoretical paradigms developed by Snider, Hill, and Martin (2003) are applicable to soccer clubs such as Manchester United. In this extent, the work of Walters and Tacon (2010) becomes relevant to the extent that it presents the results of a qualitative research on the relevance of CSR with particular focus on the sporting organisations (p.556). Since Manchester United is a good example of a well-established sporting organisation, the work of the authors is pivotal in helping to make recommendations and deductions on the roles that can be played by CSR in the enhancement of success of the soccer club. Walters and Tacon use the stakeholder theory to explain how â€Å"CSR can inform both theoretical debates and management practices within sport organisations† (2010, p.556). The article further argues that media has an immense attention on sporting organisations. Consequently, due to youth appeal, communication power, and mass media distributions, sporting organisations have no choice rather than implementing the initiatives of social corporate responsibility. This argument is based on the perception that â€Å"sport CSR has a greater effect than those CSR activities in commercial organisations† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.567). This argument makes sense upon the realisation of the evidence that sporting organisations are normally intensively inter-woven with the society, and dependent on the perceptions and affiliation of the society for their success. Consequently, due to the close relationships between the communities and the sporting organisations, CSR is inevitable from being adopted by the organisations including Manchester United football club. It is from this perceptive that Walters and Tacon (2010) recommend, â€Å"sport organisations, particularly the UK football clubs, need to c onsider addressing CSR in order to maintain or increase spectator numbers† (p.567). Indeed, a number of researches have noted CSR as influencing costumer’s consumption behaviour. Therefore, consistent with Walters and Taco’s (2010) argument on the roles of CSR in the sporting organisations, â€Å"given that the stadium utilisation figures at the majority of professional football clubs in the UK are well below 100 per cent, it could be argued that CSR is a strategic approach needed to attract spectators† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.567). Apparently, there exists evidence of sporting organisations that have leaped from the benefits of engaging in CSR elsewhere in the world. For instance, individual athletes in the United States have come up with various charitable organisations and foundations that fund various mitigation strategies of social problems (Paul 2002, p.25). A good example of this case is the Lance Armstrong Foundation, which has gone down the histor y as funding the cancer research (Walters Tacon 2010, p.567). The Walters and Taco’s work seeks to articulate the stakeholder theory with CSR as applied in the sporting organisations. The authors provide evidence that stakeholder theory has been critical in enhancing sport management (Walters Tacon 2010, p.569). Additionally, the authors are quick to pin point that the development in the deployment of the stakeholders’ theory in enhancing football club governance has its roots in studies that focus on â€Å"stakeholder identification and stakeholder perceptions in intercollegiate athletics† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.569). The excellence of the soccer clubs in terms of performances measures form financial success is dependent on the interest of the stakeholders in the game because stakeholders are also mainly the spectators and hence the sources of revenues. This claim perhaps explains why soccer academic literature pays central focus on the stakeholder ideas. In fact, with regard to Morrow (2003), â€Å"the stakeholder concept has greater relevance for football clubs in relation to conventional businesses because of the particular features of certain football club stakeholders† (p. 43). Walters and Tacon (2010) appreciate this argument but holds, â€Å"to date, much of the research in this area has either used stakeholder concepts implicitly, without making explicit reference to mainstream stakeholder theory, or has engaged openly with stakeholder concepts at a relatively underdeveloped theoretical level† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.569). Arguably, while running a football club, the management has the obligations to the local authorities, communities, and even local populations. These obligations need not to establish conflicts with the commercial objectives of any soccer team. For this purpose, it is critical that sporting organisations such as Manchester United become socially corporate responsible. Walters and Tacon’s r esearch was qualitative in nature. It drew 15 interviews form different stakeholders of the UK football industry. The selection of individuals to be interviewed was done from the perspectives that information garnered was precisely reflective of the purpose of the research. This purpose was to â€Å"develop an in-depth contextual understanding of the phenomena that is being studied and to interpret the meaning from social situations† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.572). The interviewees were drawn from various staff members of the selected organisations including the directors, CEOs, and chairs. The researchers had the immense belief that the information generated from these persons would be pivotal in the determination of their take on objectives coupled with the roles played by their organisations, the kind of relationships that exist between the stakeholder and the organisation, and the details of various CSR initiates that are adopted by the organisation under study. The results of the study indicated that the â€Å"interviewees recognised the relevance to sport management of stakeholders’ ideas and issues of corporate social responsibility† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.574). Nevertheless, this does not mean that different individuals did not have different perspectives of the roles of CSR in their organisations. For instance, the authors found out that some officials of various soccer clubs had an optimistic commitment to the social corporate responsibility coupled with the stakeholders’ management initiatives adopted by the organisations. On the other hand, some interviewees â€Å"expressed scepticism about the strength of this commitment† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.574). Therefore, it is arguable that the roles of CSR in enhancing the success of soccer clubs remains fragmented depending on the perspective from which the management official of the organisations view the quests of being socially corporate responsible organisations. It is from the basis of this argument that this paper focuses on discussing the principles of social corporate responsibility from the context of Manchester United. Revisiting the Case Study Considering the case study of Manchester United, focusing on social responsibility initiatives are critical in fostering the continued success of the organisation coupled with dominance of Manchester brand among many soccer fans. From the description of the case study section, it is evident that. while operating as plc, Manchester United would have to focus its efforts in building good relationships with the stakeholders in the effort to ensure increased financial performance. Increased financial performance means that more funds would be available at the disposal of the organisation to remunerate better the players. This would help in minimising the threat of the good players being taken by competing soccer clubs such as Chelsea, Real Madrid, Liverpool, and others. The ultimate repercussion for th is is presentation of better games to the spectators and other stakeholders of the Manchester football club. Therefore, increased clientele is likely to be drawn into the playing grounds owned by Manchester United. Hence, more revenue would continue to be generated. Arguably, this case is critical in helping the club to offset various financial challenges that the organisation encounters. Apparently, financial capability of an organisation is vital for the development of strong social corporate responsibility initiatives (Porter Kramer 2006, p.82). With the already developed brand dominance in the football industry, Manchester United can proactively manage to create more success through taking part in more in social related activities such as creation of more charitable foundations ran from the part of profit basket of the organisation. This would make the stakeholders to see the organisation as not only serving the purpose of creating profits at the expense of the communities in w hich the organisation is established. Indeed, according to Walters and Tacon (2010), â€Å"†¦recent emergence of charitable foundations to deliver social inclusion and educational based initiatives has demonstrated that football clubs can play a positive role within their communities† (p.568). In fact, one of the competitive forces of the Manchester United (Chelsea) has embraced the concepts of CSR. With regard to Walters and Tacon (2010), this claim is evidenced and mirrored by â€Å"the trend for CSR reporting, which has made Chelsea to produce its own CSR report separate from the annual accounts† (p.568). Arguably, Manchester United cannot drift from dedicating financial resources towards financing social corporate issues because even the governing bodies of football clubs are also recognising the relevance and benefits of being sociality corporate responsible. For this reason, the UEFA â€Å"has developed a social responsibility partnership portfolio. It is w orking with a number of charity partners between 2007 and 2011 to address specific issues including racism, reconciliation, and peace, football for all, violence, health, and humanitarian aid† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.568). This effort is boosted by commitment of 0.7 percent of the UEFA profits to fund various social projects. The above effort by the UEFA makes it clear that football clubs would be forced by their own desires to influence positively their spectators who often come from the communities in which the organisations are established to adopt CSR initiatives. Even though this would mean digging into the profits of the Manchester United, it is a well thought cause of action since the arising deficits may be sealed by the resulting increment in the brand loyalty from the community members and other stakeholders of the Manchester United. The process of endeavouring to invest in social corporate social responsibility projects will often demand Manchester United to deploy the concepts of stakeholder theory developed by Walters and Tacon. The move will be the effort to help the organisation to â€Å"illuminate key issues in sport management and or how CSR can be implemented by sport organisations through stakeholder management strategies† (Walters Tacon 2010, p.568). The whole idea of sporting organisation attempting to become socially corporate responsible is pegged on the argument that, by being socially corporate responsible, the friction and conflicts of interests between various organisational stakeholders such as the customers, suppliers, the owners of the organisation among others would be greased. This step leads to a better reception of organisation coupled with the decisions reached by the managers of the leaders of the organisations. Surely, this effort is an advantage that Manchester United cannot afford to lose bearing in mind the observations, â€Å"Glazers converted 500 million pounds of debt into bonds, which do not mature unt il 2017† (Pyle 2010, p.604) to help in easing the debts of the football club. Conclusions and Recommendations Organisations operating in the industry of sporting are highly susceptible to impacts of competitions because winning in tournaments forms the basis of determining the anticipated growth of the organisations, brand loyalty, and even the financial performance of the organisation in question. In the paper, it was discussed that Manchester United stands as one of the sporting organisations that have managed to build and develop magnificently its brand. It has realised several wins in valid tournaments including the European cup and others. The management of the organisation has also resulted and contributed to this exemplary performance of the organisation both in terms of game wins and financial performance. However, based on the case study described by Pyle (2010), the paper established that Manchester United also faces various challenges financial wise. This case often calls for the interventions of tycoons funding the club to support it through conversion of several million pounds into bonds payable at such as a period in which the organisation will have made adequate profits to pay off the bonds while remaining operational. Based on these challenges, the paper recommends and adds an additional paradigm for fostering the performance of Manchester United. This paradigm is by focusing on strategic decisions of becoming more socially corporate responsible. This recommendation is made in full appreciation of the reality that CSR approaches attract valid perceptions among various scholars and organisational stakeholders. Some people see it as an additional way of reducing the profitability of an organisation while others may see it is a noble way of helping to create good reputation of an organisation. Amid the two dimensional approaches to CSR, in sporting organisations such Manchester United, it is recommended for adoption since it is an incredible tool for helping to resolve conflicts of interests among various organisational stakeholders. References Gerry, J, Kevan, S, Whittington, R 2005, Exploring corporate strategy: text and cases, Prentice Hall, London. Hill, T Westbrook, R 2006, ‘SWOT Analysis: It’s Time for a Product Recall,’ Long Range Planning, vol. 30 no. 1, pp. 46–52. Kok, P, Weile, D, McKenna, R, Brown, A 2001, ‘A Corporate Social Responsibility Audit within a Quality Management Framework’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 31 no. 4, pp. 285–297. Morrow, S 2003, The people’s game? Football, finance and society, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK. Paul, P 2002, ‘Corporate Responsibility’, American Demographics, vol. 24 no. 5, pp. 24-35. Porter, E Kramer, R 2006, ‘Strategy and society: The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 84 no.12, pp. 78–92. Pyle, S 2010, Manchester United FC: Continuing Success But At What Cost?, Harvard UP, Harvard. Snider, J, Hill, R, Martin, D 2003, ‘Corporate Social Responsibility in the 21st Century: A View from the World’s Most Successful Firms’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 48 no. 1, pp.175-187. Walters, G Tacon, R 2010, ‘Corporate social responsibility in sport: Stakeholder management in the UK football industry’, Journal of Management Organisation, vol.16 no. 4, pp. 566–586. This case study on Manchester United FC: Continuing Success but at What Cost? was written and submitted by user Taraji Michael to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Spell Checker and Grammar Essay

Spell Checker and Grammar Essay Spell Checker and Grammar Essay This tool enables you to correct the most cumbersome mistakes, with a high degree of accuracy and speed, and to improve your written English. When several corrections are possible, you are prompted to choose one of them. There are cases when mistakes are skipped in order to limit the display of warnings or when the suggested corrections are not perfectly adapted to the context. Therefore, we advise you not to rely exclusively on the results delivered by our tool and to review the text yourself after the correction. To improve your English spelling, you can also consult our online grammar module and our conjugator. Do not hesitate to send us your feedback on the results of the spelling and grammar check. This way, you will enable us to improve our service. Contact us if you want to implement a spell-checking tool adapted to your company (for French, English or other languages). If you are looking for a PC product, we recommend Ginger. The concept of an automatic and interactive online spell-checker was created and developed by Reverso-Softissimo in addition to the online translation service. It makes use of the best technologies developed by Ginger Software with an interface, settings and complementary processings specifically devised by Reverso-Softissimo for the Reverso website and the Reverso Intranet products. We offer you several tools that will help you better understand and complete the corrections made to your texts. To use them, simply select a word or group of words from your text and launch the search in the dictionary, the conjugator, or our interactive grammar.Introduction Like the majority of people, you probably learned the basic rules of grammar in school. And like the majority of people you’ve probably forgotten much of what you learned. Where does the comma go, for instance? Is ending your sentences with a preposition really that bad a practice? Are there hard and fast rules for when to use who, that or which? All of these questions, as well as many more, can plague both amateur and professional writers. Our online spelling and grammar checker assists you answering these questions and (hopefully) helps you to gain more confidence in your writing simultaneously. Who Uses a Grammar Checker Student writings, of course, sometimes need the most proofreading. Teachers and instructors often expect student papers to be error-free, so it’s second nature to some of them to do spelling and grammar checks on all their papers. But many others get good use out of these tools: secretaries, job seekers, blog and

Criminal law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Criminal law - Coursework Example She also suffers from post-natal depression, as a result of which she has no interest in looking after herself or the baby. Paul does his best to look after both of them, feeding the baby milk formula and warming up soup for Marlene. But she becomes too depressed to eat sufficiently, and after two months she becomes very ill and catches pneumonia in the damp and cold conditions in the house. She begs Paul not to call a doctor. The baby is well since Paul has looked after him to the best of his ability.   Marlene dies of the pneumonia one night, and when Paul reports her death, the police doctor says that Marlene could have been saved if medical help had been called in time.   DISCUSS THE CRIMINAL LIABILITY, IF ANY, OF PAUL FOR THE DEATH OF MARLENE. CITE APPROPRIATE CASES, AUTHORITIES OR EXAMPLES AS NECESSARY.   Marlene and Paul In accordance with English law, murder is an offence. This act of human being always considered a heinous and serious offence to take life of another hu man being. The murder may be intentionally or unintentionally. It may have lawful cause or unlawful cause of action. The murder can be in self-defence wherein no motive of murder or intention of murder can be seen. There are instances where harm was intended to a targeted person but erroneously the weapon killed another person1. Under the mentioned scenario, it is the duty of law enforcing agencies to investigate and determine the motives behind the murder and to submit investigative report along with the statements of independent eye witnesses in the competent court of law to proceed further against the culprit and to seek a fair and transparent judgment to satisfy the heirs of the victim2. Contrary to the above, in England and Wales, the law of homicide or manslaughter is treated a less serious crime or offense than that of intentional murder. The difference between the murder and the homicide is that the murder is done with guilt of mind whereas in the homicide. On proving guilty of manslaughter, the jury has the discretion to award life sentence to the murderer. However, before passing on the punishment of life imprisonment, the court shall examine the circumstances which compelled the murder for homicide3. According to English law, carelessness or failure of a person to protect another person from any harm that claims life may be liable for criminal prosecution. It may invoke civil or criminal jurisdiction against a person who miserably failed to protect precious life of another person due to carelessness. The law of the land applies in terms of harm may differ from manufacturer of kitchen items and the manufacturer of highly explosive items. In both the cases the burden of proof of innocence lies on the shoulders of defendants4. As per English law, wrong death of a person due to negligence of another person, manufacturing unit, business entity and the firm are liable for criminal prosecution. That sort of death can be challenged in a competent court of l aw by heir or heirs of the deceased aims at to book responsible negligent party who is or are responsible for the alleged death. What we have witnessed in such cases is that the suit filed against the defendants by the petitioners are the nearest and close family members comprised of parents, life partner, kids or in few cases another family directly hit with the murder of the

History of Mexican music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of Mexican music - Essay Example Ranchera is considered to be an outgrowth of a son. That has been â€Å"A type of song that was literally sung on a Mexican ranch, ranchera originated in the mid-19th century, just before the Mexican revolution†. Love, patriotism and nature are remained to be the most popular themes for this type of songs. Mariachi is considered to be highly popular style of music in Mexico. It consists of â€Å"at least two violins, two trumpets, a Spanish guitar, and two other types of guitars - the vihuela and guitarron†. Norteà ±o is considered to be a more modern variant of folk music in Mexico. The matter is that â€Å"in the late 19th century European migrants brought the accordion, waltz and polka, from their homeland to Northern Mexico and the U.S. Southwest†. Local bands have adopted these instruments and establish a new genre of music.As for the popular Mexican music, there are also a huge number of variations with interesting implications and influence of modern glob al culture. It is possible to distinguish Latin alternative, Mexican Ska, Rock and Pop music as the basic directions of modern music.Latin alternative is considered to be a â€Å"music created by young players who have been raised not only on their parents' music but also on rock, hip-hop and electronica†. The wave of Mexican Ska has started in the 1960s when young bands and big orchestras intend to recorded ska tunes and covers of Jamaican hits. The most popular groups are Dilemma, The Chasm, Xiuhtecuhtli, Disgorge, Brujeria, Transmetal, Hacavitz, Sargatanas, Mictlayotl and others.

Electronic Contracts Essay Example for Free

Electronic Contracts Essay There are several long-term impact of electronic contracting on the nation’s business and some of these are the following: First of all, since the E-sign Federal Law â€Å"legitimizes business conducted by electronic means†, this means that the nation will produce more businesses than usual (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). This is because an electronic contract saves a considerable amount of time, as well as, effort (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). Unlike in the traditional way, wherein individuals entering into a contract are obliged to meet with each other, negotiate with each other, agree with each other, etc before finally signing a document that legitimizes what they have discussed about with regards to business (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). In electronic contract, a document is sent for another party to read and agree upon, if he or she does then he or she signs it, then the other party, in case he or she agrees will also sign it (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). Electronic contract is exceedingly easy and extremely convenient that is why the number of businesses is increased greatly which leads to a flourishing economy for the nation as well (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). Second, the e-Sign Federal Law â€Å"continues the advancement of e-commerce†, which in turn, also plays a large role in the economy of the whole nation (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). It motivates individuals to transact their businesses online and make their services far more efficient by doing so (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). The fast and efficient service that e-commerce offers contribute largely in inspiring people to create a business of their own online which will not only bring in an additional income for themselves and their families but to the government as well (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). Finally, â€Å"it establishes uniformity in intrastate, interstate, foreign commerce† which means that the hindrances and vagueness to well-organized/competent interstate â€Å"online transactions posed by different states’ laws† will be gone forever (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). This means that the flow of business transactions will be freely flowing because there will be no more differences in State laws to attend to (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). In case that other States have other laws with regards to e-commerce and electronic contracts, these will still be covered by this federal law technically referred to as â€Å"the Federal E-sign Law† (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). Since uniformity is established through the aforementioned law, more individuals are more confident now with online transactions than before (Zanger, 2000, n. . ). What are the potential pitfalls you see with electronic contracting? An electronic contract entails an â€Å"electronic signature†, which is actually an â€Å"electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with an electronic record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the electronic record† (California Codes Civil Code Section 1633. 1 – 1633. 17, n. d. ). The major problem here is that there are no rules or standards for electronic signatures (California Codes Civil Code Section 1633. – 1633. 17, n. d. ). There should be only one kind of technology utilized for â€Å"an electronic signature to meet the functional equivalence standard because there are no built-in security of handwritten signatures, in ink, and tangible writing† (California Codes Civil Code Section 1633. 1 – 1633. 17, n. d. ). There should be â€Å"encryptions, access controls, as well as, date stamps† in order for it not to be easily tampered with (California Codes Civil Code Section 1633. 1 – 1633. 17, n. d. ). If there are no guiding principles on what comprises electronic signatures then fraud is most likely to occur (California Codes Civil Code Section 1633. 1 – 1633. 17, n. d. ). Anybody can just sign an agreement however she/he wants it to be signed and he or she may just opt to get out of it by saying it not his or her electronic signature or he or she may just put another electronic signature that is not really associated with him or her for the purpose of being able to run away with it in case he or she needs to (California Codes Civil Code Section 1633. 1 – 1633. 17, n. d. ).

Anglo-Saxon Warriors and the Klephts of Greece: Their Indo-European Ori

Anglo-Saxon Warriors and the Klephts of Greece: Their Indo-European Origins Anglo-Saxon warrior bands share the same code of honor as the Greek resistance fighters called Klephts both nations having a common Indo-European heritage and concept of hero. Beginning in the fifth century Germanic invasions transformed the Celtic culture of the British Isles. Anglo-Saxon warrior bands conquered the native Celts and prevailed in England from the fifth until the eleventh century. Warfare, the idea of comitatus, and the Germanic heroic code comprised the Anglo-Saxon way of life. Their warrior clans were ruled by a heroic figure, a chieftain or king, and the heroic code valued bravery, boasting, and above all allegiance to their king. Loyalty to the king gave warriors a sense of honor, identity and belonging. In Germania Tacitus writes, They choose their kings for their noble birth, their leaders for their valour. The power even of the kings is not absolute or arbitrary. As for the leaders, it is their example rather than theirauthority that wins them special admiration(7.1). It was their leaders rather than their kings who were the heroic figures whom the warriors could admire and emulate. The Kings were usually "inferior in virtue and courage to the great heroes who serve them" (Oosten, 152). Nevertheless, the Anglo-Saxon heroic code valued allegiance to the king above all else, since he was viewed not only as a protector but also the provider of plenty (Chaney, 90). On the field of battle, that loyalty was transferred to their leader or hero. Tacitus explains that Anglo-Saxon warriors were expected to support their leaders in battle unto death or live a life of infamy. Tacitus, (6.22-3). Since they were forced to struggle co... ...hop. The Divine Liturgy of St John Chrysostom Hymnal. Brookline, Mass: Greek Orthodox Diocese of North and South America, 1977. Oosten, Jarich G. The War of the gods, The Social Code in Indo European Mythology. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985. Runciman, Steven. The Great Church in Captivity, A Study of the Patriarchate of Constantinople From the Eve of the Turkish Conquest to the Greek War of Independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968. Stover, Leon E. and Kraig, Bruce. Stonehenge, The Indo- European Heritage. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1978. Winn, Shan M. M. Heaven, Heroes, and Happiness, The Indo-European Roots of Western Ideology. New York: University Press of America, 1995. Zafiropoulos, Simoni, ed. Greece in Poetry, With Painting Drawings, Photographs, and Other Works of Art. New York: Harry N. Abrahms, Inc., 1993.

Slimate change essay Essay

Climate change is the most significant challenge to achieving sustainable development and threatens to drag thousands of people to severe poverty. It refers to any outstanding measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time. This includes major changes in temperature, precipitation or winds patterns and others that occur several days longer. Some Caribbean islands in particular are vulnerable to climate change. Rising sea levels will have a consequential and dampening effect on their economy and livelihood. Climate change can damage coral reefs, reduce land source for agriculture and alter the fishing industry. A study shows that the World Bank states that if the see continues to rise at this rate countries will be mostly affected at a global level by climate change in 2050. The rising of sea level will also wreak havoc. A few possible consequences of rising sea levels are , firstly , billons spent on adaption. For example the U.S has roughly 20,000km of coastline and 32,0 00km of wetlands. A recent study showed that the estimated cost of adapting to even a one meter, the rise of sea level in the U.S will cost up to U.S $156 billion dollars. Secondly, within a meter the rise of sea level in some islands would be submerged. A Pacific island name Kiribati, in early 2005 have gone under the waves ,inundated by a high spring tide that washed away farmland , wells which were once pure water was contaminated, land homes and other facilities were lost. Lastly, cities will end up below sea level, which will meritably displace and cause massive economic damage. Higher sea defenses becomes impractical an even the wealthiest of nations will see cities destroyed due to floods. A sustainable development is to introduce water sports. Water sports can have a positive force on people in trms of health and recreation. It can provide social benefits for billions of people around the world. There can be an increase of tourism revenue, therefore providing the economy with an income and continue or start infrastructural development in the country. We as a country as well can host international competitions. These competitions, games and tournaments can run through the year. The level of poverty will reduce due to the creation of employment.in the health sector; this can lead to a healthy lifestyle which can prevent diseases and such to affect a person throughout his or her life. Really and truly no one of us here today will like to live a life full of diseases and pain. Through water sports people can also increase their stamina and strength. Ladies you  better want to join a swimming class now because this can help you shed a few of those extra pounds. Lastly we as a country can achieve social integration. In this process we as a republic can adopt, accept and facilitate new cultures and traditions. We can make our country diversified into a multi culture country. Secondly climate change can cause hurricanes, tropical storms and tornados to become more intense, therefore they are longer lasting, unleashing stronger winds and causing additional mutilation to coastal ecosystems and communities. The main offender is advanced ocean temperatures, since tropical storms and hurricanes get their strength in warm waters. As sea surface temperatures rise, developing storms will accumulate more strength. Many scientists believe the broad premise that a hotter climate likely contributes to the increase in the strength of any hurricane or storm, which is previously underway and intensify. There is also abstruse evidence that sea level rising is another product of climate change which can therefore contribute to a higher risk of treacherous hurricanes and storm surges. They are like giant heat engines. They transfer latent heat energy from the ocean to the atmosphere transforming some of it into mechanical energy in the process: the maelstrom of hurricane winds and giant waves. â€Å"High sea surface temperatures lead to the evaporation of moisture which provides fuel for the storm. Then it gives up the latent heat {power of the storm}. Together they provide for stronger storms. This evidence is very clear,† says Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the NOAA’s {National Center for Atmospheric Research in, Boulder Colorado. Tragic consequences of hurricanes and storms are such as: floods, loss of homes, facilities and loss of friend’s family and relatives. A sustainable development that can be introduced is to provide facilities where citizens can go for assistance after storms or hurricanes. This is where people can go to the facilities and receive assistance in these tragic times. In the after math of a storm, in each community, firstly should have a natural disaster team whereby they can come to the rescue during these times of need. In this way they must have medical equipment, the basic necessities. They should have place for storage items such as foods, bottled water, medical supplies, clothing and money. They must have meetings with the general public to let them know how to contact them and ask for assistance. Lastly, climate change affects the water availability and water demand.  Sufficient supply of freshwater is essential for almost everything in this world. Population growth will increase the demand for water and at the same time, climate change will affect the freshwater availability. For example there are less water in parts of the United States of America and Asia – more in parts of Europe. The ISI – MIP results indicate that in the Western, United States, Southern Europe and parts of Asia, climate change lowers freshwater availability. Subsequently, this may lead to challenges for the agriculture sector, and food production. The ISI – MIP experts of water resources, ecosystems, agriculture energy and analyzing projections with the sector. The experts study the effects of climate change of two to five degrees in climate change. Appalling consequences are such as an unclean environment, mosquito nesting areas and so forth. A sustainable development for this can be to preserve water in a community tank. If people in the community give a fair amount of water from their daily supply for storage in the community, when a drought arrives each person from the community can receive sufficient water to sustain them for a drought. During this period of time the political leader of his or her constituency should appoint a person to distribute the water equally in his or her constituency. Therefore that person can make a table on when he or she gets water and when to cut off there supply and send to another person. This way life as we know it will be cleaner and preserved. In conclusion to my essay climate change affects us human beings in so many ways. There can be more I can add but these three points I wrote today in my essay was very intriguing to me. I quote from Al Gore â€Å"As human beings, we are vulnerable to confusing the unprecedented with the improbable. In our everyday experience, if something has never happened before, we are generally safe in assuming it is not going to happen in the future, but the exceptions can kill you and climate change is one of those exceptions.† Climate change shouldn’t be taken for a joke. Earth is our home. Take care of it , because one day to come we will have no land to live on. Glossary http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/climate_change.html#XOgv23pA2phHu034.99

Reflection Essay - 741 Words

Welcome family, friends, loved ones, to the beginning of your newest journey to discover a deeper part of yourself. It’s surreal to think about how far we have all come, from learning your times tables in kindergarten, to finding the area under a curve using trigonometric calculus. From practicing our cursive lettering in shaving cream on the desks in third grade, to exploring underlying themes about human nature in century-old literature. Through these years of education, our brains have been developing into an even more complex, associative structure that allows us to form bonds and ideas that constitute our reality every day. With our synapses constantly firing, we continue to build ten to the billionth connections every single day. Our†¦show more content†¦I grew up in a wonderful household, one that valued emotional intellect as well as cognitive intelligence. My older sister and I were provided with all basic necessities and more, and my childhood was beyond any thing I could’ve asked for. As I neared middle school, and my sister neared high school, it came to my attention just how brilliant my sister was. She knew the answer to almost everything she was asked, and was achieving straight As. Since I had been looking up to her all of my childhood, my admiration of her began to expand even more. As I look back on it all now, I believe my total praise of my sister is what led to the most trying years of my life. Now, I find myself to be more emotionally bright than school smart, which until around high school I had been completely fine with. I am able to easily read people’s emotions and figure out what they need and what kind of fAs I neared high school, I As one of the most advanced generations of society, we as the youth have a certain responsibility. It has been said that we spend the first half of our lives trying to understand the older generation, and the other half in understanding the younger generation. Every age has its own charm. Youth has always felt somewhat exasperated with age, and age has always been suspicious of youth. With their natural impatience and rebellious nature, a majority of young people are keen to act and learn on their own rather being guided by the experience of elders. The older peopleShow MoreRelatedReflection Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesReflective Essay The aim of this essay is to reflect on an incident, which took place in a hospital setting during the first month of my Foundation Degree Assistant Practitioner course. It will explore the importance of communication amongst the health care professionals and how a good nursing documentation is an integral part of nursing. 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